虚拟机的差异

Core Space 的虚拟机在大多数情况下与 EVM 兼容，但存在一些差异。 本页列出了两者之间的差异。

地址的计算

The EOA and contract address calculation in core space is different from Ethereum.

Check EOA address and Contract Address for more details.

1820 注册表

备注

Certain EIPs relying on EIP-1820, for example, EIP-777, is not recommended to be used any more. Using ERC-20 would be good enough for most cases. You can check Exploring ERC777 Tokens: Vulnerabilities and Potential DOS Attacks on Smart Contracts for why.

1820 注册表是一个存储了实现某些接口的其他合约地址的合约 它用于实现 EIP-1820 标准。 1820 注册表部署在 Core Space hex40 地址 0x88887eD889e776bCBe2f0f9932EcFaBcDfCd1820

区块 Gas 限制

The core space block gas limit is 54 million gas after v2.4.0.

区块编号（block.number）

block.number 是整个树图的序列号。

内置合约

Core Space has some internal contracts that are not in Ethereum.

Gas Pricing

存储抵押

Conflux Core 引入了存储抵押物(CFS)机制，作为使用存储空间的定价方法。 原则上，该机制需要锁定一定数量的资金作为抵押品，以占用存储空间。 (each storage entry occupies 64B (B is Bytes, byte), which is the size of the key/value pair in the world state). 这些抵押资金将保持锁定，直到相应的存储空间释放或被其他人接管。

Please refer to Storage for more details.

BLOCKHASH Gas Pricing

While Ethereum allows querying blocks in the range [n-256, n-1] for block height n, Conflux supports a larger range of [n-65535, n] (CIP-133). Corresponding gas prices for BLOCKHASH are adjusted as follows:

• Ethereum: 20 gas (uniform for all cases)
• Conflux: 2100 gas (for the range [n-65535, n-257]), 100 gas (for blocks in [n-256, n-1])

Gas Refunds

• Gas refund cap: In Ethereum, if a transaction's gas limit exceeds the actual gas cost, the remaining gas is fully refunded. 相比之下，Conflux 最多退还 gas limit 的 1/4。 Check Gas Limit, Gas Used, and Gas Charged for more details.
• EIP-7702 refund difference: When updating delegate addresses (rather than creating a new delegation), Conflux does not issue the 12500 gas refund that Ethereum provides.

交易的 Gas 上限

• A transaction's gas limit should be no less than 100 times the byte size of its call data. Check CIP-130 for more details.

Transaction Balance Handling

When transaction balance cannot afford maximum cost (max gas price × gas limit + tx value):

• Ethereum: Transaction fails without nonce increment or fee deduction
• Conflux: Nonce is incremented and maximum effective gas price × gas limit is deducted (or entire balance if insufficient)

The maximum effective gas price equals to gasPrice if gasPrice is specified otherwise min(maxFeePerGas, baseFeePerGas+maxPriorityFeePerGas).

其他

• EIP-2200 in Core Space: Both original and new values are treated as non-zero to accommodate core space storage collateral mechanism.
• Warm/cold for Internal contracts: All internal contracts are treated as warm addresses, but their storage entries are consistently treated as cold.

其他资源

• CIP-645: Align Conflux eSpace Behavior with EVM